Network Services

Hotspot Mikrotik 777

Technology has been used Bootstrap Compatible Mobile.

Design Hotspot-12 beautiful Server Mikrotik

Design Hot Spot Mikrotik Free

Hotspot login server free

Hotspot login server free.

Merge 2 lines in server Pfsense?

Merge 2 lines in server Pfsense server free.

setup squid cahce in Ubuntu

How to setup squid cahce in Ubuntu ?

Wednesday, May 14, 2014

Wired and Wireless Networks "Network + Chapter 6"

Wired and Wireless Networks 
    Before Installing New Hardware or Software 
         Standard Operating Procedures 
         Environmental Issues 
         Error Messages and Log Files 
         Current Configuration and Baselines 
         Other Documentation 
    Wireless Networking 
         Wireless Network Components 
         Wireless Network Installation 
         Installation Type 
    Workstation Configuration 
         Configuring a Windows 9Network 
         Configuring a Windows 2000 Network Client 
         Configuring Windows Clients for NetWare Network                         Access Network Installation Tools 
         Wire Crimper 
         Media Testing Tools 
         Punchdown Tool 
     Summary 
Exam Essentials  
Review Questions  

Answers to Review Questions

Sunday, May 11, 2014

Answers to Review Questions " Network + Chapter 5 "


Answers to Review Questions

1. B. The only two options listed that are directory services are NTDS and NDS. Of those two, the only one that is an X.500-compliant directory service is NDS.

2. A, B, D. All of the NOSes listed, except NetWare 4, have a graphical interface. UNIX has X Window, NetWare 5 has the Graphical Java Console, and Windows Server uses a Windowsbased interface.

3. B. Novell Client for Windows is Novell’s NetWare client for the Windows platform, including Windows 98. It enables a Windows 98 machine to access the full range of NetWare (and NDS)
services.

4. B, C. Novell Client for Windows (as previously mentioned) and Microsoft Client for Microsoft Networks will allow the station to access Windows servers.

5. B. Windows Server uses Active Directory to store the names of users and groups, but it uses Kerberos during the authentication process to verify the authenticity of those users.

6. C. Although all of the listed utilities are administration utilities of some type, the name of the administration program for modifying NDS objects in NetWare 4 and above is NetWare
Administrator.

7. B. Typefull distinguished names always have leading periods and call out the object types with their appropriate prefixes (CN=, OU=, etc.).

8. B. Active Directory (AD) is the directory service used by default by Windows Server 2003.

9. A. Novell Directory Services (NDS) is the default directory service used by NetWare 4 and later.

10. A, B, C, D. All the operating systems listed are available in one form or another for the Intel platform.

11. A. Typeless distinguished names still include the leading period, but without the object type identifiers (CN=, OU=, etc.).

12. B, C. There are two main methods users can use to interact with UNIX: through a text-based command line and through a graphical interface.

13. B. An object’s context is the complete name of all the containers in which it resides, so Admin.ACME is the only correct response.

14. B, C, D. The only platforms that NDS runs on natively are NetWare 4.x, 5.x, and 6.x. NDS will not run natively on NetWare 3.x.

15. B. There is no such thing as Windows XP Server. Windows XP is a desktop operating system.

16. D. Samba is the technology that allows Mac OS X Server to respond to Windows SMB network calls and will make a Mac appear as another Windows server.


17. D. Apple’s own directory, similar to NDS and Active Directory, is known as Open Directory.

18. B. The schema defines what types of objects can exist in a directory.

19. B. Although all of the listed distributions have ports to the Intel platform, the Slackware distribution was developed specifically for the Intel platform.


20. B. The main command-line interface in UNIX is known as a shell.

Review Questions " Network + Chapter 5 "


Review Questions 

1. Which directory service is based mainly on the Internet directory standard X.500?
A. NTDS
B. NDS
C. X.25
D. IETF

2. Which of the following network operating systems has a graphical interface? (Choose all that apply.)
A. UNIX
B. NetWare 5
C. NetWare 4
D. Windows 2003 Server

3. Which client would you install on a Windows 98 machine to allow access to all features and services of a NetWare server?
A. Microsoft Client for NetWare Networks
B. Novell Client for Windows
C. Microsoft Client for Microsoft Networks
D. Novell Client for NetWare Networks
4. On a Windows Server network with a few NetWare 4 servers, 

which Windows XP clients would you install on a workstation to allow a user to access the greatest number of network services?
(Choose all that apply.)
A. Microsoft Client for NetWare Networks
B. Novell Client for Windows
C. Microsoft Client for Microsoft Networks
D. Novell Client for NetWare Networks

5. What is the name of the authentication technology for Windows Server?
A. NDS
B. Kerberos
C. Active Directory

D. NT Domain Manager (NTDM)

6. What utility allows an administrator to modify NDS objects and their properties?
A. User Manager
B. syscon
C. NetWare Administrator
D. nwconfig

7. Of the following, which name is an example of a typefull distinguished name?
A. .SERVER1.MKTG.ACME
B. .CN=SERVER1.OU=MKTG.O=ACME
C. CN=SERVER1.OU=MKTG.O=ACME
D. SERVER1.MKTG.ACME

8. By default, on which directory service does Windows Server 2003 rely?
A. NDS
B. AD
C. SCO
D. NTDS

9. By default, which directory service is used by NetWare 4 and later?
A. NDS
B. AD
C. SCO
D. NTDS

10. Which of the following network operating systems can run on an Intel Pentium? (Choose all that apply.)
A. NetWare
B. Windows NT Server
C. Linux
D. Solaris

11. Which of the following is a typeless distinguished name?
A. .SERVER1.MKTG.ACME
B. .CN=SERVER1.OU=MKTG.O=ACME
C. CN=SERVER1.OU=MKTG.O=ACME

D. SERVER1.MKTG.ACME

12. The many flavors of UNIX can use which types of interfaces? (Choose all that apply.)
A. Biometric
B. Command line
C. Graphical
D. Psychic

13. What is the context of the object known as .RogerU.Admin.ACME?
A. RogerU
B. Admin.ACME
C. ACME
D. RogerU.Admin.ACME

14. On which platforms does NDS run natively? (Choose all that apply.)
A. NetWare 3.x
B. NetWare 4.x
C. NetWare 5.x
D. Netware 6.x

15. Which of the following is not a currently implemented operating system?
A. Windows Server 2003
B. Windows XP Server
C. Windows XP Professional
D. Mac OS X

16. Which software is included with Mac OS X Server (as well as available for many Linux versions) that allows Windows clients to connect to a Mac OS server?
A. Windows for Macs
B. MacDrive
C. OSShare
D. Samba

17. What is the name of the directory technology developed by Apple and used by Mac OS X?
A. iDirectory
B. eDirectory
C. Kerberos

D. Open Directory

18. The set of rules that dictate what types of objects can exist in a directory is known as a what?
A. Law
B. Schema
C. Specification
D. Directory code

19. Which distribution of Linux was designed specifically for the Intel platform and supports many of its features, including multiple (up to 16) processors?
A. Red Hat
B. Slackware
C. OpenLinux
D. Yggdrasil

20. The command-line interface to UNIX is known as a what?
A. Linux
B. Shell
C. Window

D. NIC

Exam Essentials " Network + Chapter 5 "


Exam Essentials
Be able to describe the basic capabilities UNIX/Linux. UNIX/Linux is the NOS with the longest history. It consists of a core (called a kernel) and a user interface called a shell. Linux is an operating system based on UNIX and developed by Linus Torvalds that primarily runs on the Intel platform and is in widespread use. UNIX/Linux uses standard TCP/IP protocol for communications and network services. You can use multiple methods of authentication by simply installing different software packages.
Be able to describe the basic capabilities of NetWare. NetWare is the most widespread NOS in use today. It was the first NOS to be used for PC LANs. It is popular with administrators of large networks. It has excellent client support for multiple client platforms. Additionally, it has software to interoperate with other computing platforms natively. NetWare 4.x and above uses
NDS for authentication. NDS is a directory service that keeps track of all of the network entities and performs authentication for them. Although NetWare makes a great server platform, there
aren’t as many applications for NetWare as there are for Windows or other NOS platforms. 
However, it is the most secure NOS. Government agencies all use NetWare as their core NOS. Be able to describe the basic capabilities of Windows. Windows Server is the NOS with the
most application support. It uses the same interface and, to some extent, the same software as the desktop Windows versions. It has limited client support but does support interoperability
with other NOS platforms, like NetWare and UNIX. The most current version of Windows Server uses Kerberos and Active Directory for authentication. Kerberos is the method of authentication and Active Directory is the directory that holds the authentication information (like usernames, passwords, etc.). Windows Server uses folders and shares to provide file and print
services to clients, thus making it easy to use. Windows main challenge is the amount of security problems it has, but these are overcome by keeping the NOS patched to the most current levels

at all times.

Be able to describe the basic capabilities of Macintosh. The Mac OS platform is the easiest platform to use. The newest version is based on a UNIX kernel, so essentially it is a UNIX server. In addition to Mac clients, a Mac server can support UNIX clients and Windows clients (through Samba). Authentication is handled through Kerberos (similar to UNIX and Windows Server) and Open Directory. File and print services are handled through AppleShare and other open protocols and utilities (like FTP and HTTP). Mac OS has limited application support; it has the fewest native applications of any of the listed NOSes, but it can run some of the UNIX applications (although they may require recompiling).

Friday, May 9, 2014

Summary " Network + Chapter 5 "


Summary
In this chapter, you learned about the various client- and server-related topics for four main network operating systems: Windows, NetWare, UNIX, and the Mac OS. For each, you learned
about client support, interoperability, authentication, file and print services, application support, and security.
First, you learned about Windows Server and its prevalent use as an application server platform. You learned of its extreme ease of administration and shallow learning curve. Next, you
learned about Novell NetWare and its former dominance in the networking market. You learned of its flexibility in client support, ease of administration (using eDirectory), and scalability. Then
you learned that UNIX (and Linux) has great power but more complex administration. You also learned of its different flavors and their main applications. Finally, you learned about the Mac OS
X and its ease of use as well as its presence in the networking arena. Although it is easy to use, the enterprise has not yet adopted it as a standard client platform.

Security " Macintosh "



Security
The Mac OS offers reliable security. Mac OS X has local user account security built in as part of the OS. Network security has also been taken into account. Many services that would be susceptible to a hack are turned off by default, so a Mac is more secure than other OSes right out of the box. Additionally, there are many third-party security products (including some that
implement Kerberos security, which is the type used by Windows 2000) that can make the Mac OS extremely secure over the network.

AppleShare IP: History
No discussion of Mac OS X Server would be complete without at least a brief discussion of
AppleShare IP. AppleShare IP is basically the file and printer services of AppleShare (which traditionally ran over AppleTalk) configured to run over TCP/IP for cross-platform file sharing. It was released with AppleTalk version 5 and was developed as a response to the networking and computer industries’ move toward TCP/IP as the standard networking protocol and away from NOS-specific protocols like IPX/SPX and AppleTalk. AppleShare IP has been upgraded several times and has now been incorporated into Mac OS X Server

Application Support " Macintosh "



Application Support
Mac OS X has a unique position as far as application support is concerned. It can run older Mac OS applications as well as those written specifically for Mac OS X. Plus, it can run some UNIX
and X Window System applications, provided they support the Mac OS kernel. The Mac OS X platform, because of its UNIX underpinnings, makes for a very reliable workgroup
and small business server. Therefore, many application developers are making small business suite packages for Mac OS X Server. In addition, Mac OS X Server comes with the Apache web server and MySQL 4, a very powerful open source web platform for developing databasedriven websites.

File and Print Services " Macintosh "



File and Print Services
The Mac OS can perform many functions on a network. In addition to being a client, a Macintosh can be a file and print server using AppleShare (Apple’s proprietary networking software)
as well as an Internet server using various Apple and third-party software. The advantage of having a Macintosh as a server is that it is extremely easy to administer. It is so easy, in fact, that many first-time users have no problems networking Macs and making them into file (or other) servers. Also, in small companies where there isn’t a budget for an IT staff or money for outsourced support, a Mac OS server can be managed by existing staff.

Authentication " Macintosh "


Authentication
Authentication for Mac OS X is handled through the Kerberos authentication mechanism, which makes Mac OS X ideal in a networked environment. Additionally, Mac OS X includes
a feature known as the keychain. The keychain is a storage location for all the passwords you might use on the Internet (website passwords, FTP passwords, etc.) or anywhere. When a user
authenticates to the system, that procedure unlocks the keychain. From then on, any time the user revisits a location that has credentials stored in the keychain, the keychain will automatically
provide them on behalf of the user. In addition to Kerberos and the keychain, Mac OS X and newer versions include support for
Apple’s Open Directory. Open Directory is a directory much like Microsoft’s Active Directory and Novell’s eDirectory. It allows all users to authenticate to a central database of users so a user has to authenticate only once to the Directory. From then on, the security settings stored in the Directory for that user dictate what parts of the network can be accessed and under which conditions.

Interoperability " Macintosh "



Interoperability
As a server platform, the Mac OS is reliable and fairly scalable. It really can’t compete with the largest UNIX and high-end server platforms in the enterprise, but it makes for a good workgroup
web server platform. In that respect, the Mac OS is compatible with many different clients. As a client, though, there is one major problem with the Mac OS: The predominant business client platform is the Windows platform. As such, most business applications are written for that platform, and translations of all those applications for the Mac OS are few and far between. Still, there are

translations of the most popular business applications (e.g., Microsoft Word) for the Mac OS that make it viable to use in the workplace. Another compatibility and interoperability benefit is the support of other server operating systems for Mac OS clients. Windows NT and 2000 have built-in support for Mac OS clients.
In fact, the support is so good that Mac OS clients can’t tell the difference between a Windows server with Mac OS file and print support and an actual Macintosh server. Novell NetWare has

similar support for Mac OS clients, as previously mentioned in this chapter.

Client Support "Macintosh"



Client Support
The Mac OS on the whole as a server platform is only somewhat limited in its client support. As you would expect, the Mac OS X Server supports Mac clients but, with its latest versions,
includes Samba so that Windows clients can authenticate to a Mac OS X Server. Also, the Mac OS X Server can function beautifully as an Internet server because the core of Mac OS X is UNIX. And, as you might well expect, a UNIX server of any kind makes an excellent Internet server because of the close ties with TCP/IP.

Thursday, May 8, 2014

Features "Macintosh"


Features 
The Mac OS has gone through several major revisions so far, with each version having many more features than the one before it. No discussion of the Mac OS would be complete without
a brief discussion of the major releases of the Mac OS:
System 1 When the original Macintosh was released in 1984, the Mac OS interface (simply called the Finder in those days) was pretty bare (similar to Figure 5.4). It contained the basic elements
of the current Mac OS, but in non-color form. It had no support for color, but it did have a very powerful graphical user interface (GUI) that made many people go out and buy it.
     System 6 System 6 was introduced around 1986 and quickly made the Macintosh world even more exciting with the introduction of color to the operating system. Depending on the video
card, a Mac with System 6 could display thousands, even millions, of colors. This was very exciting stuff for the time.
       System 7 As good as System 6 was, it didn’t have good support for multitasking. (It could switch between programs using a product known as Multifinder, but it wasn’t great.) Macintosh
System 7, therefore, gave Mac users the ability to run multiple programs at once. In addition, it gave users support for TrueType fonts (automatically scalable fonts) and the ability to
share out a disk onto the network so that other Mac users could access it. It also gave users the ability to use virtual memory (using a portion of the hard disk as memory).

FIGURE 5 . 4 The basic Macintosh GUI


Mac OS 8 In 1997, Apple made a few changes with the operating system. First of all, it now actively promoted the fact that the Macintosh system software was to be known as Mac OS. Also, due to a partnership with Microsoft (and an infusion of capital from the same), Internet Explorer was installed as the default browser. Apple also increased its cross-platform connectivity with the introduction of an updated version of its PC Exchange product, which now had support for Windows 9 x long filenames. Finally, the OS contained its own Java Virtual Machine for running Java applications.

Mac OS 9 With Mac OS 9, Apple brought the Mac OS up to speed with Microsoft’s multiuser offerings. It was now possible to specify different settings and environments for multiple users of the
same Macintosh. Along with that, Apple introduced the Keychain, which stored the various online passwords for a user so that only one password was required when a user went online. Finally, it
included a network browser so that a user could browse the network easily for a network server.

Mac OS X (OS 10) Amid much hoopla, Apple introduced OS X, the current version and first major rewrite of the Mac OS in years, in 2001. The basic interface still looks the same; however,
the use of color, graphics, and moving graphics is much improved over previous versions (as shown in Figure 5.5). Also, it is based on a UNIX kernel (BSD with a Mach Kernel), which makes it more stable, more scalable, and generally more powerful than previous versions. Windows “fly” open and get “squished” onto a bar (called the Dock) when minimized. Also, for the first time, you can save directly to PDF format in most applications. This new OS, in addition to being extremely powerful, is also extremely user- and Internet-friendly.
FIGURE 5 . 5 Mac OS X